Snow avalanche history in Parâng Mountains (Southern Carpathians) revealed by dendrogeomorphic analyses

Abstract

Parâng Mountains belong to Southern Carpathians, having the maximum altitude in Parângul Mare Peak (2519 m a.s.l.). The geology is dominated by crystalline schists, due to whom the relief is characterized by steep slopes. Between 1400 – 1700 m the average annual temperature is around 2-3ᴼC and the total precipitation about 1000-1200 mm/year. Coniferous belt extends roughly at the mentioned altitudes, being dominated by Norway spruce (Picea abies) forests. Above 1800 m the average annual temperature drops below 2ᴼC and the average rainfalls reach 1200 mm/year, allowing the development of alpine shrubs and alpine grassland (Oancea et al., 1987). Crests and steep slopes in these subalpine areas are prone to snow accumulation and avalanche release. Despite the favorable conditions for avalanche trigger in this area, only one avalanche event is historically recorded, with severe impact on forest areas, but no destructive impact on infrastructure or fatalities.