EVALUATION OF ANTHROPIC IMPACT ON LANDS FROM ROAD ZONES OF BUCOVYNA

Abstract

Due to critical ecological situations in the region, the elaboration of complex approaches to improve this situation is very actual. There are needed also mixed researches of ecological situations of all main complexes of landscape: soil, water, atmospheres and others, that allow determining the degree of their pollution because of technogenesis, to obtain integrated indicators of ecological danger. The most active pollution factor of natural landscapes is automobiles (almost 74% from all damages). Experimental researches show that in transportation areas, the highest change in concentration of chemical substances in natural components is observed. To
these are concluded automobiles high ways and the neighbourhood lines along the roads up to 100 meters on both sides. There can be noticed anomalies with increases of 2-4 times of Pb quantity in soils. In the places where high ways intersect industrial areas the quantity of Pb in soils reach 80 mg/kg. The territorial distribution in quantity of chemical solutions, contained in soils is shown in the following way: turbulence of air stream, the direction and power of wind, air
humidity, the character of landscapes substructure (relief and anthropogenical structures), the distance from the source of pollution factor it’s thermal, physical, geographical
characteristics and others. For the evaluation of ecological situations of territory are important pollution indicators of geochemical and natural components, and also the integrated indicator of ecological danger of landscape in conditional units (Gutuleac, 1995).